Pneumonia

Pneumonia is a serious respiratory condition where the air sacs (alveoli) and surrounding tissues in the lungs become inflamed and filled with fluid or pus, impairing oxygen exchange. It can be caused by various factors, including bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, aspiration of food or vomit (aspiration pneumonia), or severe allergies. Dogs and cats of any age can be affected, but young, old, or immunocompromised animals are more susceptible. Symptoms include persistent coughing, difficulty breathing, lethargy, fever, loss of appetite, and nasal discharge. An animal struggling to breathe due to pneumonia requires immediate veterinary attention. Diagnosis typically involves a physical exam, chest X-rays to visualize lung changes, and sometimes blood tests, tracheal wash, or bronchoalveolar lavage to identify the causative agent. Treatment depends on the cause but often includes antibiotics (for bacterial pneumonia), antifungals, oxygen therapy, nebulization, and supportive care. Rest and proper nutrition are vital for recovery.