Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious heart condition predominantly affecting large and giant breed dogs, though it can occur in cats and other breeds. In DCM, the heart muscle becomes thin and stretched, particularly the left ventricle, leading to a significant decrease in its pumping efficiency. This impaired function results in less blood being circulated to the body and blood accumulating within the heart, causing it to enlarge further. Over time, this often leads to congestive heart failure. Symptoms can include weakness, lethargy, loss of appetite, a distended abdomen due to fluid, difficulty breathing, and coughing. Sudden collapse or even sudden death can occur. Diagnosis involves physical examination, chest X-rays, electrocardiograms (ECGs), and an echocardiogram, which directly visualizes the heart's structure and function. Treatment involves multiple medications to manage symptoms, improve heart function, and slow disease progression, but DCM is a progressive and often fatal disease.