Cystitis

Cystitis refers to the inflammation of the urinary bladder. It can be caused by bacterial infections (Urinary Tract Infections), bladder stones (uroliths), tumors, or, particularly in cats, by stress-related factors leading to 'idiopathic cystitis' where no specific cause is found. Symptoms commonly include frequent attempts to urinate, straining, crying out during urination, urinating in inappropriate places, and blood in the urine. The severity of symptoms can range from mild discomfort to significant pain. Diagnosis typically involves urinalysis, urine culture, and sometimes imaging of the bladder. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, often involving antibiotics for infections, pain relief, and dietary or environmental modifications.