Anemia

Anemia is not a disease itself but a symptom of an underlying health problem. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which is responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. When an animal is anemic, their blood can't deliver enough oxygen, leading to symptoms like weakness, lethargy, and pale gums. Causes of anemia are varied and broadly categorized into three main types: blood loss (e.g., from injury, parasites, internal bleeding), red blood cell destruction (hemolysis, often immune-mediated), or decreased red blood cell production (e.g., bone marrow disease, chronic kidney disease, nutritional deficiencies). Diagnosing anemia involves a complete blood count (CBC) to measure red blood cell parameters. Further tests are then needed to determine the specific cause. Treatment depends entirely on the underlying cause and might involve addressing parasites, treating immune-mediated disease, managing chronic conditions, or sometimes blood transfusions in severe cases. Prompt veterinary attention is important to identify the cause.