When should I spay or neuter my dog?

Timing depends on size and sex, so ask your vet. As a general guide, many small-breed dogs are spayed or neutered around 6 months. For large and giant breeds, many vets now suggest waiting until growth finishes (often 12–18 months) because of possible effects on joints.

Benefits include no unplanned litters, no uterine infections (pyometra), and lower risk of some cancers. Many Canadian cities and humane societies offer low-cost programs.